Kreiman and Gerratt 13 for example stated that vocal quality included all perceptual dimensions of the spectral envelope and its changes in time, and indicated a possibly major role of both time-domain and frequency-domain measures in the investigation of voice quality. 12 This is in contrast to pitch and loudness that many authors regard as synonymous to the distinctive features fundamental frequency and sound intensity, respectively. This multiparametric approach was motivated by the multidimensional nature of voice quality and the fact that it is not related to a sole physical variable or a unique psychoacoustical determinant. Second, the AVQI is a multivariate construct that combines multiple acoustic markers to yield a single number that correlates reasonably with overall dysphonia severity. Therefore, the AVQI requires recordings and measures overall dysphonia severity of both speech/voice contexts. These findings underline that for perceptual and instrumental methods in the clinical dysphonia assessment it is essential to record and analyze sustained vowels and continuous speech. Although two studies7, 8 found no statistically significant differences in the auditory perception of dysphonia severity between sustained vowels and continuous speech, four other studies6, 9, 10, 11 revealed that listeners rate dysphonia, and especially breathiness, more severely in sustained vowels than in continuous speech. Continuous speech, on the other hand, is characterized by temporal and spectral variations caused by voice onsets and offsets, interruptions, voiceless phonemes, phonetic context, prosodic modulations in fundamental frequency and intensity, speech tempo, and so on.2, 5, 6 Because the vocal behavior differs considerably between these two voice/speech tasks, perception of type and severity of dysphonia can be hypothesized to vary across the kind of speech to be rated. Sustained vowels induce a comparatively steady action at subglottal, glottal, and supraglottal levels. First, the AVQI is developed to measure dysphonia in both continuous speech and sustained vowel recordings. 2 They are able to yield a numerical output, and therefore they consistently permit tracking of treatment outcomes and communication of this information to voice clinicians, patients, third-party payers, physicians, and other stakeholders.3, 4 One specific and recently developed method to quantify the severity of overall dysphonia is the Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI). 1 Acoustic measurements are remarkably appealing because of their noninvasiveness, relative low cost, and ease of application. Besides measures of fundamental frequency and sound intensity to objectify pitch and loudness, respectively, numerous acoustic markers have been proposed to objectify dysphonia type and severity. adding -fPIC to the compilation flags to build libpraat.so).Acoustic methods have a long history in clinical voice assessment. I actually had to diverge from it in some places (e.g. I can't say that the HOWTO is crystal clear. ![]() it unpacks in a directory called sources_5025).Īt this point I'm guessing that something changed in praat and that SGC has not been updated to follow that change but maybe I'm just confused. ![]() I'm using the latest version of praat which is numbered 5025 (i.e. I've looked for a definition of Melder_SYNCHRONOUS in both SGC and praat and did not find it defined anywhere. Praat.c:184: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules ![]() Praat.c:182: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘Melder_pathToFile’ from incompatible pointer type Praat.c:97: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules ![]() Praat.c:93: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘Melder_pathToFile’ from incompatible pointer type Praat.c:46: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules Praat.c:40: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘Melder_pathToFile’ from incompatible pointer type Praat.c:30: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules Praat.c:27: error: for each function it appears in.) Praat.c:27: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once Praat.c:27: error: ‘Melder_ SYNCHRONOUS’ undeclared (first use in this function) I've been able to overcome most of these problems but now I'm stuck. I've tried to compile SGC on a machine running Kubuntu 8.04 (amd64 architecture) and ran into problems.
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